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In the Italian peninsula, Latin and Greek were the most common languages. Thus the languages spoken in ancient Roman Empire can be distributed with respect to geography. The Roman Empire was a vast collection of different countries and people with different ethnicities. Greek even attained the status of a semi-official language in the reign of Emperor Claudius. This was because a lot of great works of Greek philosophers were being translated into Latin and this increased the influence of Greek on the Roman intellectuals. The intellectual elite of Rome also commonly received education in Greek and were thus bilingual, fluent in both Latin and Greek. The written ancient Roman language was significantly different from the language spoken in ordinary life and was much more refined. An important dialect of ancient Roman language was in Gaul where it incorporated words from several other languages and was known as Romanic language. Further, as the Empire expanded, Latin also absorbed words from other languages to give rise to new variations. The former was used in literature and high culture while the latter was the Latin used by the masses. The first distinction to be made is between the literary Latin and the ‘vulgar’ Latin. Thus different dialects of ancient Roman language, Latin, were spoken in different parts of the empire. Rome was a vast empire and modern means of communication were not available. Other ancient Roman languages that were spoken in different regions of the empire included Punic, Coptic, Aramaic, and Syriac. The Roman elite were fluent in Greek because it helped them in communication beyond the empire. For instance, Koine Greek was widely spoken and understood in the region of eastern Mediterranean and Asia Minor. While Latin remained the most important ancient Roman language in the region of present day Italy, many other languages were spoken in other regions of the empire. Throughout the history of the Roman Republic and Empire, Latin remained the dominant language although Greek was also a respectable language among the elite because most of the literature that they read was either in Greek or translated from it.Ī gravestone from ancient Rome. The language itself was also inspired by the Greek language. This language relied little on the word order and conveyed meaning mainly through a system of affixes attached with word stems. Latin was the original language of Rome and remained the dominant language for many centuries. The history of Roman language Latin goes back to the early years of Rome. It was also the language of law and literature, although there was considerable difference between the Latin used in literature and the one used in everyday life.
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Latin was necessary for anyone seeking to play an important role in administration, politics, and military. Latin in particular was the official language of the empire because it was the original language of Rome.
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However, two major languages of the empire were Latin and Greek. This meant many languages were spoken through different places of the Empire. The Ancient Roman Empire was a vast empire with people from different ethnicities speaking different languages.